circumspection
→ circum +
spect + ion
expectation, retrospection
inspection, introspection

Bound base: <spect>
Etymology
: Latin exspectāre : ex- + spectāre, ‘to look at’, frequentative of specere, ‘to see’;

Ref: Kit 6, Theme H

circumvention
→ circum +
vent + ion
in
vention → in + vent + ion
contra
vention, convention unconventional, intervention, nonintervention prevention, subvention ‘to come to help’

Twin base : <vent / vene>

Related words : convent, convene, convenient, intervene, contravene

Denotation: L. vent(us), ven(ire) ‘ to come’ (Danny)

cognitioncognite +ion
precognition, recognition

Stem: <cognite>

Related words: agnostic, cognizance, recognize, incognito

Etymology: Origin: 1375–1425; late ME cognicioun < L cognitiōn- (s. of cognitiō), equiv. to cognit(us), ptp. of cognōscere (co-  + gni-, var. s. of gnōscere, nōscere, to learn

collation → col + late + ion
correlation → correlate + ion, dilation → dilate + ion, elation → elate + ion, interrelation, relation, translation

Bound base: <late>

Related words: elate, dilate, relate, translate

Denotation: from L. com- ‘together’ + latus ‘bring’

collection → col + lect + ion
collectivization, (collectivisation),
election → e +
lect + ion, predilection, recollection, selection, deselection

Base: <lect / lege>

Related words: collect, select, elect

Denotion: from L. lect(um) ‘pick out, read out loud’

Refs: Kit 6, Theme J; Anthology Vol 1. pg 27

combustioncombust + ion

completion
→ com
plete + ion
depletion → deplete + ion

Base: < plete>

conception → con + cept + ion
conceptualization (conceptualisation) contraception, deception exception, inception interception, misconception perception, preconception reception, unexceptional

Twin base: <cept / ceive>

Related words: conceive, deceive, perceive,

Etymology: LL. conceptus, from L., past participle of concipere, ‘to conceive’ →. ME. conceiven, from OF. concevoir, conceiv-, from L. concipere : com-  + capere, ‘to take’; (Farheen)

Ref: Kit 4, Theme I; Kit 5, Theme H

concoction → concoct + ion

Base: <coct>

Etymology: Origin: 1525–35; < L concoctus (ptp. of concoquere to cook together), equiv. to con-  + coc-, var. s. of coquere ‘to boil’

condition → con + dite + ion
precondition recondition unconditional

Base: < dite>

Related words: diction

Etymology: Origin: 1275–1325 M.E., condicioun, from OF., condicion, from Late Latin conditiō, conditiōn-, alteration of Latin condiciō, from condīcere, ‘to agree’  : com-, com- + dīcere, ‘to talk’ 
(see diction)

congestion → congest + ion
digestion → digest + ion, indigestion, ingestion,
suggestion → suggest + ion

Base: <gest >

Denotation: L. gerere, gestus ‘carry, bring, display’’

connection → connect + ion
discon
nection
intercon
nection

Base: < nect>

Denotation: Origin: 1400–50; late ME from L connectere, equiv. to con-  + nectere’ to tie’

constitution → constitute + ion
destitution → destitute + ion, institution, institutionalization, (institutionalisation)
prostitution, reconstitution restitution, substitution unconstitutional

Base/stem: < stitute>

Related words: statute, statue

Denotation: From L. statuere, ‘to set up, place, put, establish’, from L stare, status ‘stand’

constriction → constrict + ion restriction, astriction, obstriction

Base: < strict>

Related words: district, strict

Denotation: L. stringere, structus ‘draw tight, bind’

construction
→ con +
struct + ion
deconstruction, destruction instruction, misconstruction obstruction, reconstruction

Bound base: <struct>

Related words: structure, instruct, construct

Ref: Anthology Vol 1, pg 50-51

contortion → contort + ion
distortion → distort + ion, extortion → extort + ion

Bound bases: <tort / torse>

Related words: torso

Ref: Kit 6, Theme H

convection → convect + ion

Base: < vect>

Etymology: Origin: 1880–85; back formation from convected from  L convect(us), from convehere ‘to carry together’

conviction → convict + ion eviction → evict + ion

Base: <vict >

Related words: convince, evincible, victory

Etymology: ME., convicten, from Latin convincere, ‘convict’ from vincere, ‘to defeat, overcome, conquer’

Ref: Kit 3, Theme F

convolution
→ con +
volute +ion
devolution, revolution, evolution, counterrevolution

Twin base: <volve / volute>
see
Skite Site for full analysis (Danny)

Ref: Kit 5, Them H

correction → correct + ion
redi
rection, misdirection
direction → direct + ion, erection → erect + ion,

Base: <rect>

Etymology: ME., correcten, from Latin corrigere, corrēct-, ‘to correct’  : com-, + regere, ‘to rule’; ME., directen, from Latin dīrigere, dīrēct-, ‘to give direction to’  : dī-, dis-, ‘apart’; + regere, ‘to guide’

Ref: Kit 5, Theme C; Kit 5, Theme F

corruption → corrupt + ion
disruption → disrupt + ion, eruption → erupt + ion, interruption, irruption

Base: < rupt >

Related words: rupture

Denotation: L. ruptus ‘break’

Ref: Kit 4, Theme B; Kit 5, Theme H

 

Base or stem taking the suffix
<-ion>

abduction  →ab + duct + ion
conduction → conduct + ion,  deduction, induction,  introduction, seduction
overproduction, production
reduction, reproduction

Twin base: <duce/duct>

Denotation: from L. ductus, ducere ‘lead, bring’

Ref: Kit 5, Theme H

abortion →  abort  + ion

absorption → ab + sorpt + ion

Twin base: <sorb / sorpt >

Related words: absorb

Etymology: M.E., ‘to swallow up’, from O.F. absorber, from L. absorbēre : ab-, ‘away’; + sorbēre, ‘to suck’. (Allegra)

abstention → abs + tent + ion detention, retention

Base: <tain / tent>

Related words: abstain, contain, content, detain, retain

Etymology: Origin: 1515–25; from LL abstentiōn-  from L abstent(us), ptp. of abstinére ‘to abstain’ from tenere ‘to hold’

actionact + ion
activation, inaction, interaction overreaction, reaction transaction

Free base: <act>

Denotation: L.: actus, agree ‘ drive, urge, act’ (Allegra)
Ref: Kit 6, Theme G; Anthology Vol 1

affection → affect + ion, affectation → affect + (ation),
confection → confect + ion defection → defect + ion, infection → infect + ion, perfection → perfect + ion disaffection, imperfection

Bound base: <fect>

Etymology: 1) L. affectātiō, affectātiōn-, from affectātus, past participle of affectāre, ‘to strive after’.  2) M.E. affeccioun, from O.F. affection, from L. affectiō, affectiōn-, from affectus, past participle of afficere, ‘to affect, influence’ from M.E. affecten, from Latin afficere, affect-, ‘to do to, act on’  : ad- + facere, ‘to do’ 3) M.E. confecten, ‘to prepare’, from L. cōnficere, cōnfect-  : com- + facere, ‘to make’ (Allegra)

affliction → af + flict + ion
infliction

Base: <flict>

Denotation: from L. fligere, flictus ‘dash, strike to the ground’

ambition → amb + ite + ion
sedition → sed + ite + ion transition → trans + ite + ion

Base: <ite>

Related words: seditious transit, exit

Etymology: 1) L. ambitus, ambire ffrom L. ire, itus ‘ go’ - amb- + ire ‘to go’ 2) M.E. sedicioun, ‘violent party strife’, from O.F sedition, from L. sēditiō, sēditiōn-  : sēd-, sē-, ‘apart’; + itiō, ‘act of going’, from itus, pp of īre, ‘to go’. 3) M.E. transite, from L. trānsitus, from past participle of trānsīre, ‘to go across’ from L. ire ‘to go’ (Andrés)

Note: this was a difficult one for Andrés. He started with <sedition> and thought that the word had come into English in its current form, then he found <seditious> which suggested that the bound base might be <sedite> but then with the help of others discovered that <transition> and <ambition> were also related and so decided that the base was  <ite>. This is our current holding pattern.

assertion → assert + ion
desertion, insertion
dissertation

Bound base: <sert>

Etymology:  1) L.  asserere, assert- : ad- + serere, ‘to join’; 2)  Fr. from L.L. dēsertāre, frequentative of Latin dēserere, ‘to abandon’  : - + serere, ‘to join’; 3) L. īnserere, īnsert- : in- + serere, ‘to join’ 4) L. dissertāre, dissertāt- frequentative of disserere, ‘to discuss’ :dis- + serere, ‘to connect’;  (Andrés)

assumption
→ as +
sumpt + ion
con
sumption, presumption resumption

Twin base: <sume / sumpt>
Ref: Kit 6, Theme H; Anthology Vol 1, p 26
See
Skite Site for detailed analysis.

attention → at + tent + ion
contention → content + ion, distention → dis + tent + ion (same as distension) inattention, intention, ostentation, unintentional

Base: <tense/tent/tend>

Related words: tend, attend, contend, distend, distension, extend, extension, tendon,

Denotation: from L, tendere, tentus, ‘stretch, reach’

attribution → at + tribute + ion
contribution, distribution,  redistribution, retribution

Base : <tribute>

Related words: tribute, tributary

Denotation: L. tribuere, tributus ‘ to grant, assign, allow’

auctionauct + ion

Bound base: <auct>

Etymology: L. auctiō, auctiōn-, from auctus, past participle of augēre, ‘to increase’

(Allegra)

Ref: Kit 6, Theme A

automation
aut + o + mate + ion

Compound base: <aut> <mate>

Denotation: from Greek autos ‘ self’  mateo ‘move, seek after’

Ref: Kit 6, Theme H

bastionbaste + ion

Free base: <baste>
Etymology: 1) Origin: 1590–1600; from MF from It bastione, from Upper It. bastí(a) bastion, ‘fortified, built’ (c. It bastita, ptp. of bastire ‘to build’  2)  baste: Origin: 1400–50; late ME basten from AF, MF bastir ‘to build, baste’ related to OHG bestan ‘to mend, patch’ for *bastian ‘to bring together with bast thread or string’

captioncapt + ion

Base: <capt>

Related words: captive

Etymology: Origin: 1350–1400; ME capcio(u)n ‘seizure’ from L captiō from capt(us) taken from L. capēre ‘to seize’

caution → caut + ion
precaution

Base: <caut>

Related words: cautious, cautionary

Denotation: from L. cavēre ‘beware’

circumscription
→ circum +
script + ion
con
scription description inscription prescription proscription subscription  transcription

Twin base: <scribe / script>

Related words: describe, subscribe, inscribe, prescribe,

Ref: Kit 5, Theme H; Kit 6, Theme B

 

 

junctionjunct + ion
injunction →in +
junct + ion,
conjunction → con
junct + ion

Base: < junct >

Denotation: L. iūnctiō, iūnctiōn-, from iūnctus, past participle of iungere, ‘to join’.

lotionlote + ion

Base: <lote >

Related words: lotic

Etymology: Origin: 1350–1400; ME locion  from L lōtiōn- (s. of lōtiō) ‘a washing’ from L. lōt(us) ‘washed’

mention →  ment + ion
unmentionable

Base: <ment >

Related words: mental, demented

Etymology: Origin: 1250–1300; from L mentiōn-  ‘a calling to mind, a touching upon’ from L. mentis, méns ‘mind’

motion →  mote + ion
emotion→ emote + ion,
demotion → demote + ion, promotion → promote + ion, motivation → motivate + ion commotion, locomotion, unemotional,

Base: <mote>

Related words: emotive, motive

nation →  nate + ion
nationalization (nationalisation), multinational, supranational, transnational, denationalisation, international, internationalization, naturalization
(naturalisation)

Base: <nate>

Related words: nature, native, natural

Denotation: from L. natus ‘born’

optionopt + ion
adoption → adopt + ion

Free base: <opt>

Etymology: 1) L. optiō, optiōn- from L. optāre ‘to choose’ 2) ME. adopten, from OF. adopter, from L. adoptāre : ad- + optāre, ‘to choose’. (Allegra)

perdition → per + dite + ion
tradition → tra + dite + ion
extradition → ex + tra
dite + ion

Bound base: <dite>
Base
Related words: edition, redition, tradition

Etymology: 1) Origin: 1300–50; from L perditiōn- ‘destruction’, from perdit(us) (ptp. of perdere ‘to do in, ruin, lose’ from L. dare, datus ‘give’ 2) ME. tradicion, from OF., from L. trāditiō, trāditiōn-, from trāditus, past participle of trādere, ‘to hand over, deliver, entrust’: from trā-, trāns-+ dare, ‘to give’

position → posit + ion
apposition → apposite + ion, composition → composite + ion, decomposition,
deposition → de
pose +(ition), disposition, exposition imposition → impose +(ition), indisposition, juxtaposition, opposition, predisposition, preposition, presupposition, proposition → propose +(ition) supposition, transposition

Base: <pose>

Denotation: from L ponere, positus ‘place, put, settle’

Ref: Kit 5, Theme C; Kit 5, Theme H

potionpote + ion

Base: <pote>

Related words: potable, potation

Etymology: Origin: 1300–50; ME pocion from L pōtiōn- (s. of pōtiō) ‘a drinking’, from pōt(us), ptp. of pōtāre ‘to drink’

questionquest + ion
un
questionable

Base: <quest>

Related words: inquiry, request,

Etymology: M.E. from O.F. from L. from *quaestus, obsolete past participle of quaerere ‘to ask,  seek’ (Francisco )

rationrate + ion
rationalization
(rationalisation) rational, irrational

Base: <rate>

Related words: ratio, ratify

Denotation: from L reor, ratus ‘ think, calculate, determine’

redemption  → redempt + ion

Twin base: <deem /dempt>

Related words: redeem

Etymology: Origin: 1300–50; ME redempcioun from MF redemption from LL redémptiōn-, L redémpt(us, )ptp. of redimere ‘to redeem’

resurrection → resurrect + ion insurrection

Base: <surrect>

Etymology: M.E., from O.F., from L.L. īnsurrēctiō, īnsurrēctiōn-, from L. īnsurrēctus, past participle of īnsurgere, ‘to rise up’.

sectionsect + ion,
dissection → dissect + ion, intersection midsection, subsection vivisection

Base: <sect>

Denotion: from L secare, sectus ‘cut’

Ref: Kit 3, Theme J; Anthology Vol 1, p 32

sedationsedate/ + ion

Free base: <sedate>

Etymology: M.E.  sedacioun, from O.F. sedation, from L. sēdātiō, sēdātiōn-, from sēdātus, past participle of sēdāre, ‘to calm’. (Andrés)
Note: Andrés discovered that <sedate> is actually a back-formation of <sedation> which came into English from the French.

solutionsolute + ion
absolution, dissolution irresolution, resolution

Twin base: <solve / solute>

Related words: solve, absolve, dissolve, resolve

Etymology: M.E., from O.F., from L. solūtiō, solūtiōn-, from solūtus, past participle of solvere, ‘to loosen’. (Francisco)

stationstate + ion
workstation, substation

Free base: <state>

Related words: state, stand, statue, stationary, stationery

Etymology: M.E. stacioun, from O.F. station, from L. statiō, statiōn- ‘standing’. (Francisco)

suctionsuct + ion,
liposuction

Base: <suct>

Related words: suck

Etymology: L.L. sūctiō, sūctiōn-, from L. sūctus, past participle of sūgere, ‘to suck’.

 

tractiontract + ion
abs
traction, attraction contraction, distraction
ex
traction, protraction
re
traction, subtraction

Base: <tract>

Etymology: L. : tractus, trahere ‘to draw’ (Allegra)

Ref: Kit 6, Theme H

tuitiontuite + ion,
intuition

Base: <tuite>

Related words: tutelage

Etymology: ME. intuicioun, ‘insight’, from L.L. intuitiō, intuitiōn-, ‘a looking at’, from L. intuitus, ‘a look’, from past participle of intuērī, ‘to look at’, contemplate  : in-, on; + tuērī, to look at.

M.E. tuicion, ‘protection’, from O.F., from L. tuitiō, tuitiōn-, from tuitus, past participle of tuērī, ‘to protect’.

dejection → deject + ion
ejection → e
ject + ion, injection, interjection, objectification, objection, projection, rejection, subjection

Base: < ject >

Related words: trajectory

Denotation: L. iacere, jectus, ‘to cast, hurl, throw’

Ref: Kit 3, Theme I

deletiondelete + ion

Base: <delete >

Denotation: from Latin dēlēre, dēlēt-, ‘to wipe out, destroy’.

 

depiction → depict + ion

Base: < pict >

Related words: picture

Denotation: L dépictus from pingere, pictus ‘to paint’

Ref: Anthology Vol 2, pg 86

dereliction → derelict + ion

Denotation: from L. dērelictus, ‘forsaken’ from dērelinquere ‘to abandon’ from de- + relinquere ‘to leave’

detection → detect + ion
pro
tection

Base: < tect >

Related words: undetected

Denotation: L. detectus, from tegere ‘to cover’

devotion → devote + ion

Base: < vote >

Related words: votive, votary

Denotation: from L. dēvovēre, dēvēt-, ‘to vow’ : -, de- + vovēre, ‘to vow’.

diction
addiction →  addict  + ion benediction, contradiction dictation, interdiction jurisdiction, malediction, prediction

Base: < dict >

Related words: valedictory, verdict, dictionary,

Denotation: L. dictus, dicere ‘to speak,say’

dilution → dilute + ion,
ablution → ab +
lute + ion, pollution → pollute + ion

Base: < lute >

Etymology: L. dīluere, dīlūt-  : dī-, dis-, ‘apart, away’; + -luere, lutus, ‘to wash’

diminution → di + minute + ion

Base: <minute >

Related words: diminish

Etymology: Origin: 1275–1325; ME diminucion < AF diminuciun < L dīminūtiōn- (s. of dīminūtiō), for déminūtiōn- (s. of déminūtiō) (by influence of dīmunuere), equiv. to déminūt(us) (ptp. of déminuere, equiv. to dé-  + minuere ‘to lessen’

discretion  → discrete + ion
excretion → excrete + ion, indiscretion, secretion

Base: < crete >

Related words: discern, concern

Etymology:  1) M.E., from O F, from Latin: discrētus, past participle of discernere, ‘to separate’; 2) Latin: excernere, excrēt-  : ex-, ex- + cernere, ‘to separate’; 3) French sécrétion, from Old French, from Latin sēcrētiō, sēcrētiōn-, from sēcrētus, past participle of sēcernere, ‘to set aside, separate’ from cernere, certus ‘to separate, observe’

distinction → distinct + ion
extinction → e
xtinct + ion

Base: < stinct >

Related words: instinct

Etymology: 1) M.E., from Latin exstīnctus, past participle of exstinguere, ‘to extinguish’.

2) M.E., past participle of distincten, ‘to distinguish, discern’, from O.F. destincter, from Latin distīnctus, past participle of distinguere,’to distinguish’.

edition → edit + ion

(see perdition)

encryption → encrypt + ion

Base: <crypt >

Denotation: from G. cruptein ‘to hide’

Base: <vict>

execution → execute + ion
prosecution→ pro
secute + ion persecution

Base: