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circumspection Bound base: <spect> Ref: Kit 6, Theme H circumvention Twin base : <vent / vene> Related words : convent, convene, convenient, intervene, contravene Denotation: L. vent(us), ven(ire) ‘ to come’ (Danny) cognition → cognite +ion Stem: <cognite> Related words: agnostic, cognizance, recognize, incognito Etymology: Origin: 1375–1425; late ME cognicioun < L cognitiōn- (s. of cognitiō), equiv. to cognit(us), ptp. of cognōscere (co- + gni-, var. s. of gnōscere, nōscere, to learn collation → col + late + ion Bound base: <late> Related words: elate, dilate, relate, translate Denotation: from L. com- ‘together’ + latus ‘bring’ collection → col + lect + ion Base: <lect / lege> Related words: collect, select, elect Denotion: from L. lect(um) ‘pick out, read out loud’ Refs: Kit 6, Theme J; Anthology Vol 1. pg 27 combustion → combust + ion completion Base: < plete> conception → con + cept + ion Twin base: <cept / ceive> Related words: conceive, deceive, perceive, Etymology: LL. conceptus, from L., past participle of concipere, ‘to conceive’ →. ME. conceiven, from OF. concevoir, conceiv-, from L. concipere : com- + capere, ‘to take’; (Farheen) Ref: Kit 4, Theme I; Kit 5, Theme H concoction → concoct + ion Base: <coct> Etymology: Origin: 1525–35; < L concoctus (ptp. of concoquere to cook together), equiv. to con- + coc-, var. s. of coquere ‘to boil’ condition → con + dite + ion Base: < dite> Related words: diction Etymology: Origin: 1275–1325 M.E., condicioun, from OF., condicion, from Late Latin conditiō, conditiōn-, alteration of Latin condiciō, from condīcere, ‘to agree’ : com-, com- + dīcere, ‘to talk’ congestion → congest + ion Base: <gest > Denotation: L. gerere, gestus ‘carry, bring, display’’ connection → connect + ion Base: < nect> Denotation: Origin: 1400–50; late ME from L connectere, equiv. to con- + nectere’ to tie’ constitution → constitute + ion Base/stem: < stitute> Related words: statute, statue Denotation: From L. statuere, ‘to set up, place, put, establish’, from L stare, status ‘stand’ constriction → constrict + ion restriction, astriction, obstriction Base: < strict> Related words: district, strict Denotation: L. stringere, structus ‘draw tight, bind’ construction Bound base: <struct> Related words: structure, instruct, construct Ref: Anthology Vol 1, pg 50-51 contortion → contort + ion Bound bases: <tort / torse> Related words: torso Ref: Kit 6, Theme H convection → convect + ion Base: < vect> Etymology: Origin: 1880–85; back formation from convected from L convect(us), from convehere ‘to carry together’ conviction → convict + ion eviction → evict + ion Base: <vict > Related words: convince, evincible, victory Etymology: ME., convicten, from Latin convincere, ‘convict’ from vincere, ‘to defeat, overcome, conquer’ Ref: Kit 3, Theme F convolution Twin base: <volve / volute> Ref: Kit 5, Them H correction → correct + ion Base: <rect> Etymology: ME., correcten, from Latin corrigere, corrēct-, ‘to correct’ : com-, + regere, ‘to rule’; ME., directen, from Latin dīrigere, dīrēct-, ‘to give direction to’ : dī-, dis-, ‘apart’; + regere, ‘to guide’ Ref: Kit 5, Theme C; Kit 5, Theme F corruption → corrupt + ion Base: < rupt > Related words: rupture Denotation: L. ruptus ‘break’ Ref: Kit 4, Theme B; Kit 5, Theme H
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Base or stem taking the suffix
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abduction →ab + duct + ion Twin base: <duce/duct> Denotation: from L. ductus, ducere ‘lead, bring’ Ref: Kit 5, Theme H abortion → abort + ion absorption → ab + sorpt + ion Twin base: <sorb / sorpt > Related words: absorb Etymology: M.E., ‘to swallow up’, from O.F. absorber, from L. absorbēre : ab-, ‘away’; + sorbēre, ‘to suck’. (Allegra) abstention → abs + tent + ion detention, retention Base: <tain / tent> Related words: abstain, contain, content, detain, retain Etymology: Origin: 1515–25; from LL abstentiōn- from L abstent(us), ptp. of abstinére ‘to abstain’ from tenere ‘to hold’ action → act + ion Free base: <act> Denotation: L.: actus, agree ‘ drive, urge, act’ (Allegra) affection → affect + ion, affectation → affect + (ation), Bound base: <fect> Etymology: 1) L. affectātiō, affectātiōn-, from affectātus, past participle of affectāre, ‘to strive after’. 2) M.E. affeccioun, from O.F. affection, from L. affectiō, affectiōn-, from affectus, past participle of afficere, ‘to affect, influence’ from M.E. affecten, from Latin afficere, affect-, ‘to do to, act on’ : ad- + facere, ‘to do’ 3) M.E. confecten, ‘to prepare’, from L. cōnficere, cōnfect- : com- + facere, ‘to make’ (Allegra) affliction → af + flict + ion Base: <flict> Denotation: from L. fligere, flictus ‘dash, strike to the ground’ ambition → amb + ite + ion Base: <ite> Related words: seditious transit, exit Etymology: 1) L. ambitus, ambire ffrom L. ire, itus ‘ go’ - amb- + ire ‘to go’ 2) M.E. sedicioun, ‘violent party strife’, from O.F sedition, from L. sēditiō, sēditiōn- : sēd-, sē-, ‘apart’; + itiō, ‘act of going’, from itus, pp of īre, ‘to go’. 3) M.E. transite, from L. trānsitus, from past participle of trānsīre, ‘to go across’ from L. ire ‘to go’ (Andrés) Note: this was a difficult one for Andrés. He started with <sedition> and thought that the word had come into English in its current form, then he found <seditious> which suggested that the bound base might be <sedite> but then with the help of others discovered that <transition> and <ambition> were also related and so decided that the base was <ite>. This is our current holding pattern. assertion → assert + ion Bound base: <sert> Etymology: 1) L. asserere, assert- : ad- + serere, ‘to join’; 2) Fr. from L.L. dēsertāre, frequentative of Latin dēserere, ‘to abandon’ : dē- + serere, ‘to join’; 3) L. īnserere, īnsert- : in- + serere, ‘to join’ 4) L. dissertāre, dissertāt- frequentative of disserere, ‘to discuss’ :dis- + serere, ‘to connect’; (Andrés) assumption Twin base: <sume / sumpt> attention → at + tent + ion Base: <tense/tent/tend> Related words: tend, attend, contend, distend, distension, extend, extension, tendon, Denotation: from L, tendere, tentus, ‘stretch, reach’ attribution → at + tribute + ion Base : <tribute> Related words: tribute, tributary Denotation: L. tribuere, tributus ‘ to grant, assign, allow’ auction → auct + ion Bound base: <auct> Etymology: L. auctiō, auctiōn-, from auctus, past participle of augēre, ‘to increase’ (Allegra) Ref: Kit 6, Theme A automation Compound base: <aut> <mate> Denotation: from Greek autos ‘ self’ mateo ‘move, seek after’ Ref: Kit 6, Theme H bastion → baste + ion Free base: <baste> caption → capt + ion Base: <capt> Related words: captive Etymology: Origin: 1350–1400; ME capcio(u)n ‘seizure’ from L captiō from capt(us) taken from L. capēre ‘to seize’ caution → caut + ion Base: <caut> Related words: cautious, cautionary Denotation: from L. cavēre ‘beware’ circumscription Twin base: <scribe / script> Related words: describe, subscribe, inscribe, prescribe, Ref: Kit 5, Theme H; Kit 6, Theme B
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junction → junct + ion Base: < junct > Denotation: L. iūnctiō, iūnctiōn-, from iūnctus, past participle of iungere, ‘to join’. lotion → lote + ion Base: <lote > Related words: lotic Etymology: Origin: 1350–1400; ME locion from L lōtiōn- (s. of lōtiō) ‘a washing’ from L. lōt(us) ‘washed’ mention → ment + ion Base: <ment > Related words: mental, demented Etymology: Origin: 1250–1300; from L mentiōn- ‘a calling to mind, a touching upon’ from L. mentis, méns ‘mind’ motion → mote + ion Base: <mote> Related words: emotive, motive nation → nate + ion Base: <nate> Related words: nature, native, natural Denotation: from L. natus ‘born’ option → opt + ion Free base: <opt> Etymology: 1) L. optiō, optiōn- from L. optāre ‘to choose’ 2) ME. adopten, from OF. adopter, from L. adoptāre : ad- + optāre, ‘to choose’. (Allegra) perdition → per + dite + ion Bound base: <dite> Etymology: 1) Origin: 1300–50; from L perditiōn- ‘destruction’, from perdit(us) (ptp. of perdere ‘to do in, ruin, lose’ from L. dare, datus ‘give’ 2) ME. tradicion, from OF., from L. trāditiō, trāditiōn-, from trāditus, past participle of trādere, ‘to hand over, deliver, entrust’: from trā-, trāns-+ dare, ‘to give’ position → posit + ion Base: <pose> Denotation: from L ponere, positus ‘place, put, settle’ Ref: Kit 5, Theme C; Kit 5, Theme H potion → pote + ion Base: <pote> Related words: potable, potation Etymology: Origin: 1300–50; ME pocion from L pōtiōn- (s. of pōtiō) ‘a drinking’, from pōt(us), ptp. of pōtāre ‘to drink’ question → quest + ion Base: <quest> Related words: inquiry, request, Etymology: M.E. from O.F. from L. from *quaestus, obsolete past participle of quaerere ‘to ask, seek’ (Francisco ) ration → rate + ion Base: <rate> Related words: ratio, ratify Denotation: from L reor, ratus ‘ think, calculate, determine’ redemption → redempt + ion Twin base: <deem /dempt> Related words: redeem Etymology: Origin: 1300–50; ME redempcioun from MF redemption from LL redémptiōn-, L redémpt(us, )ptp. of redimere ‘to redeem’ resurrection → resurrect + ion insurrection Base: <surrect> Etymology: M.E., from O.F., from L.L. īnsurrēctiō, īnsurrēctiōn-, from L. īnsurrēctus, past participle of īnsurgere, ‘to rise up’. section → sect + ion, Base: <sect> Denotion: from L secare, sectus ‘cut’ Ref: Kit 3, Theme J; Anthology Vol 1, p 32 sedation → sedate/ + ion Free base: <sedate> Etymology: M.E. sedacioun, from O.F. sedation, from L. sēdātiō, sēdātiōn-, from sēdātus, past participle of sēdāre, ‘to calm’. (Andrés) solution → solute + ion Twin base: <solve / solute> Related words: solve, absolve, dissolve, resolve Etymology: M.E., from O.F., from L. solūtiō, solūtiōn-, from solūtus, past participle of solvere, ‘to loosen’. (Francisco) station → state + ion Free base: <state> Related words: state, stand, statue, stationary, stationery Etymology: M.E. stacioun, from O.F. station, from L. statiō, statiōn- ‘standing’. (Francisco) suction → suct + ion, Base: <suct> Related words: suck Etymology: L.L. sūctiō, sūctiōn-, from L. sūctus, past participle of sūgere, ‘to suck’.
traction → tract + ion Base: <tract> Etymology: L. : tractus, trahere ‘to draw’ (Allegra) Ref: Kit 6, Theme H tuition → tuite + ion, Base: <tuite> Related words: tutelage Etymology: ME. intuicioun, ‘insight’, from L.L. intuitiō, intuitiōn-, ‘a looking at’, from L. intuitus, ‘a look’, from past participle of intuērī, ‘to look at’, contemplate : in-, on; + tuērī, to look at. M.E. tuicion, ‘protection’, from O.F., from L. tuitiō, tuitiōn-, from tuitus, past participle of tuērī, ‘to protect’. |
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dejection → deject + ion Base: < ject > Related words: trajectory Denotation: L. iacere, jectus, ‘to cast, hurl, throw’ Ref: Kit 3, Theme I deletion → delete + ion Base: <delete > Denotation: from Latin dēlēre, dēlēt-, ‘to wipe out, destroy’.
depiction → depict + ion Base: < pict > Related words: picture Denotation: L dépictus from pingere, pictus ‘to paint’ Ref: Anthology Vol 2, pg 86 dereliction → derelict + ion Denotation: from L. dērelictus, ‘forsaken’ from dērelinquere ‘to abandon’ from de- + relinquere ‘to leave’ detection → detect + ion Base: < tect > Related words: undetected Denotation: L. detectus, from tegere ‘to cover’ devotion → devote + ion Base: < vote > Related words: votive, votary Denotation: from L. dēvovēre, dēvēt-, ‘to vow’ : dē-, de- + vovēre, ‘to vow’. diction Base: < dict > Related words: valedictory, verdict, dictionary, Denotation: L. dictus, dicere ‘to speak,say’ dilution → dilute + ion, Base: < lute > Etymology: L. dīluere, dīlūt- : dī-, dis-, ‘apart, away’; + -luere, lutus, ‘to wash’ diminution → di + minute + ion Base: <minute > Related words: diminish Etymology: Origin: 1275–1325; ME diminucion < AF diminuciun < L dīminūtiōn- (s. of dīminūtiō), for déminūtiōn- (s. of déminūtiō) (by influence of dīmunuere), equiv. to déminūt(us) (ptp. of déminuere, equiv. to dé- + minuere ‘to lessen’ discretion → discrete + ion Base: < crete > Related words: discern, concern Etymology: 1) M.E., from O F, from Latin: discrētus, past participle of discernere, ‘to separate’; 2) Latin: excernere, excrēt- : ex-, ex- + cernere, ‘to separate’; 3) French sécrétion, from Old French, from Latin sēcrētiō, sēcrētiōn-, from sēcrētus, past participle of sēcernere, ‘to set aside, separate’ from cernere, certus ‘to separate, observe’ distinction → distinct + ion Base: < stinct > Related words: instinct Etymology: 1) M.E., from Latin exstīnctus, past participle of exstinguere, ‘to extinguish’. 2) M.E., past participle of distincten, ‘to distinguish, discern’, from O.F. destincter, from Latin distīnctus, past participle of distinguere,’to distinguish’. edition → edit + ion (see perdition) encryption → encrypt + ion Base: <crypt > Denotation: from G. cruptein ‘to hide’ Base: <vict> execution → execute + ion Base: |