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attenuation → attenuate + ion, extenuation Base: <tenu> Related words: tenuous Denotation: L. tenuāre, tenuis ‘thin’ attrition → attrite + ion Base: <trite> Related words: trite Denotation: 1) from L. attritus, ad- + terere ‘to rub’ 2) from ME contrit from AF. from L. contrītus ‘worn down’, crushed, ptp. of conterere. from L trītus ‘worn, common’, from terere ‘to rub, wear down’ authentication Base: <authent> Denotation: from Gr. authenticos, authentes ‘vouched for, warranted’ Ref: Kit 6, Theme A bifurcation → bifurcate + ion Denotation: from L bifurcāre ‘two forked’ calculation Bound base: <calcul> Related words: calculus (Allegra) Ref: Kit 3, Theme J calibration → calibrate + ion Free base: <calibre> capitulation Base: <capit> Denotation: L. capitalis, caput ‘head, money’ capsulation → capsulate + ion Denotation: from Fr. from L. capsula, diminutive of capsa ‘box’ castigation → castigate + ion Denotation: from L. castus ‘pure’ + agere ‘to compel (to be)’ castration → castrate + ion Base: <castr> Etymology: Origin: 1605–15; < L castrātus ptp. of castrāre to geld, equiv. to castr- geld + -ātus celebration Bound base: <celebr> Related words: celebrity Etymology: M.E. celebraten, from L. celebrāre, celebrāt-, ‘to frequent, celebrate’, from celeber, celebr-, ‘frequented, famous’. (Danny) cerebration Bound base: <cerebr> Etymology: <cerebrate> back-formation from cerebration, ‘act of thinking’, from L. cerebrum, ‘brain’. (Danny) certification → certificate + ion →cert + i + fic + ate Base: <cert> Related words: certain, certitude Denotation: from L. certus ‘sure, fixed’ circulation → circulate + ion Base: <circul> Related words: circular, circulatory, circle Denotation: from L, circus, circulus ‘circle’ coagulation → coagulate + ion Denotation: from L coāgul(um) ‘that which binds together’ cohabitation → cohabitate + ion, habitation Base: <habit > Ref : Anthology Vol. 2, pg 111-113 collaboration → collaborate + ion Base: <labor> Related words: laboratory Denotation: L. labor ‘work’ Ref: Kit 6, Theme F commemoration Base: <memor> Related words: memory, memorandum Etymology: Origin: 1590–1600; < L commemorātus (ptp. of commemorāre) to recall, put on record, equiv. to com- + memor ‘mindful’ + -ātus Ref: Kit 5, Theme C commiseration Base: <miser> Related words : miserable Etymology: L. commiserārī from com- ‘together’ + miserārī ‘to bewail, pity’ from miser ‘wretched’ Ref: Kit 5, Theme F communication Base: < mune > Related words: communion Ref: Anthology Vol 1, pg 28 compensation Base: <pend / pense > Related words: pensive Etymology: Origin: 1640–50; from L compénsātus ptp. of compénsāre ‘to counterbalance, weigh together’, from L pensus, pendere ‘hang, weigh’ concatenation Etymology: L.L. concatēnāre, concatēnāt- : com- + catēnāre, ‘to bind’ (from Latin catēna, ‘chain’). conciliation → conciliate + ion Denotation: from L conciliāre to bring together, unite condensation Denotation: from L condénsāre, from dénsāre ‘to thicken’ confiscation → Related words: fiscal Denotation: from L. confiscāre ‘to seize for the public treasury’ from fisc(us) ‘basket, moneybag, public treasury’ conflagration → Denotation: from L conflagrāre ‘to be burnt up’ from flagrāre ‘to burn’ conflation → conflate + ion Base: < flate > Denotation: from L conflātus, conflāre ‘to fuse together’, from flāre ‘to blow’ congratulation Base: <grate> Related words: grateful Denotation: from L congrātulāri from grātulāri ‘to rejoice’ from grātus ‘pleasing’ conjugation → conjugate + ion Base:<juge> Denotation: from L. conjugāre ‘to join together’ from jugāre ‘to marry, connect’ from jugum ‘yoke’ consecration Bound bases: <sacre / secre> Etymology: M.E. consecraten, from Latin cōnsecrāre, cōnsecrāt- : com-, intensive pref.; + sacrāre, ‘to make sacred’ (from sacer, sacr-, sacred. Ref: Kit 6, Theme J consideration Base: < sider> Ref: Kit 5, Theme L consolidation Base: <solid > constellation → constellate + ion Base: <stell > Denotation: from L. stella ‘star’ Ref: Kit 5, Theme L consternation Base: < stern> Denotation: from L. consternāre from sternere ‘to lie low, spread out’ constipation → constipate + ion Base: <stipe> Denotation: from L.: cōnstīpāre, ‘to crowd together ‘ from stīpāre, to cram contamination Denotation: from L. contamināre ‘to defile’ contemplation Denotation: from L. contemplāre from templum ‘temple’ copulation → copulate + ion Denotation: from L. copulāre ‘to join together’ coronation → coronate + ion Base: <corone> Denotation: from OF from coroner ‘to crown’ from L. corōnāre corporation → corporate + ion Denotation: from L. corporātus ‘made into a body’ from corporāre from corpus ‘body’ corroboration Denotation: from L. corrōborāre ‘to invigorate’ from rōborāre ‘to make strong’ from rōbur ‘strength (lit.: oak) creation → create + ion Bound base: <cre> Etymology: M.E. createn, from L. creāre, creātus ‘to produce, make’ (Danny) Ref: Kit 3, Theme D; Kit 5, Theme H cremation → cremate + ion Denotation: from L. cremāre ‘burn’ culmination → culminate + ion Denotation: from L. culmināre ‘to reach the highest point’ from culmen ‘top’ cultivation → cultivate + ion Denotation: from ML.cultivāre ‘to till’ from OF. cultiver from ML. cultīvus ‘cultivable’ from L. cultus ‘cultivated’ from colere ‘ to till, toil over’ decimation → decimate + ion, decimalization Denotation: from L. decimāre from decimus ‘tenth’ from decem ‘ten’ decoration → decorate + ion Denotation: from L. decorāre from decus ‘adornment’
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Base or stem taking suffixes
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abbreviation Base: <breve> Related words: brevity, breviary Denotation: from L. brevis ‘short’ Ref: Kit 6, Theme H abdication → abdicate + ion Bound base: <dice / dict>? <dicate>? Etymology: 1) Latin abdicāre, abdicāt-, ‘to disclaim’ : ab-, away; + dic(āre), ‘to proclaim’; 2) M.E. dedicaten, from Latin dēdicāre, dēdicāt- : dē-, de- + dicāre, ‘to proclaim’ abnegation → abnegate + ion negation → negate + ion Base: <nege> Related words: negative, neglect Denotation: L abnegātus ‘denied’ ptp. of abnegāre from ab- + negāre ‘to deny, refuse’ abrogation → abrogate + ion Base: <roge> Related words: derogate, prerogative, prorogue, surrogate Denotation : from L. rogare, rogatus ‘ask, demand’ acceleration Base: <celer> Ref: Kit 4, Theme I accentuation Bound base: <cent> Related words: accentual. incentive Denotation: from L. accentus from ad- ‘to’ + cantus ‘song, chant’ accumulation Base: <cumul> Related words: cumulus Denotation: from L. cumulus ‘heap’ adjudication Base: < judice> Related words: judiciary, judicial, judicature, prejudice Denotation: from L. judex, judicis ‘judge’ administration Base: <ministr > Related words: minister, ministry Denotation: from L. minister, ministri ‘a servant’ adulation → adulate + ion Etymology: Origin: 1770–80; back formation from adulation, ME from MF from L adūlātiōn- (s. of adūlātiō) ‘servile flattery, fawning’, from adūlāt(us), ptp. of adūlārī, -āre ‘to fawn upon (of dogs)’ adulteration Base: <adulter> Denotation: from L. adulterare ‘to pollute, corrupt’ adumbration Base: <umbr> Related words: umbrella, penumbra Denotation: from L. umbra ‘shadow, shade’ aeration → aerate + ion Base: <aer> Ref: Kit 6, Theme H affiliation → affiliate + ion Base: <fili> Etymology: Origin: 1755–65; from L affīliātus ‘adopted as son’ ptp. of affīliāre from fīli(us) ‘son’ agglomeration Base: <glomere> Denotation: from L. glomus, glomeris ‘ball or clew of yarn’ aggravation → aggravate + ion Base: <grave> Related words: gravity Denotation: from L. gravis ‘heavy’ aggregation Bound base: <greg> Etymology: ME. aggregat, from L. aggregātus, past participle of aggregāre, ‘to add to’ : ad-, ad- + gregāre, ‘to collect’ (from grex, greg-, ‘flock’ (Andrés) agitation → agitate + ion Base : <gite>? Denotation: from L: agere ‘ to drive, do’ alienation → alienate + ion Base: <ali> Related words: alien, alias, alibi, aliquot Denotation: from L. alius ‘another’ alliteration → alliterate + ion Base: <liter> Related words: literature, literary, obliterate Denotation: from L: littera ‘letter’ altercation → altercate + ion Denotation from L. altercārī ‘to quarrel’ alternation → alternate + ion Denotation from L. alternāre ‘by turns’ amalgamation Base: <amalgam> Denotation: from late ME amalgam(e) via MF., from L., fromArabic dialect al ‘the’ + malgham from Gr. málagma ‘softening agent’, from malássein ‘to soften’ amelioration Base: <melior> Etymology: Origin: 1545–55; from L. meliōrātus, ptp. of meliōrāre ‘to make better, improve’, amputation → amputate + ion Bound base: <pute> Related words: putative Etymology: 1) L. ambi + putāre ‘to cut, prune’ 2) com + putāre ‘to reckon’ 3) de + putāre ‘to consider’ from: ME., from OE. putatif, from LL. putātīvus, from L. putāre, ‘to prune, think’. (Allegra) animation → animate + ion Base: <anime> Related words: animal, animated Denotation: from L. anima ‘life, breath’ annihilation → annihilate + ion Denotation: from L. nihil ‘nothing’ annunciation → annunciate + ion → an + nunce + i + ate denunciation Bound bases: <nunce / nounce> Denotation: from L. nūntiāre, ‘to announce’ from nūntius, ‘messenger’ Ref: Kit 6, Theme B anticipation → anticipate + ion Denotation: from L. anti + capere ‘to take’ appellation → appellate + ion Denotation: from L. appellare ‘ to entreat’ appreciation → appreciate + ion Base: <preci> Related words: precious Denotation: from L. ‘price, value’ Ref: Kit 4, Theme K; Kit 5, Theme L approbation → approbate + ion Base: <probe> Related words: probable, probation, prove Denotation: from L. probare, probus ‘to test, good, excellent’ appropriation Base: <propri> Related words: propriety, Denotation: L. ad + proprius ‘own, peculiar’ approximation Base: <proxim> Related words: proximity Denotation: from L. proximus ‘ nearest, very near’ arbitration → arbitrate + ion Denotation: from L arbitrārī ‘decide, judge’ articulation → articulate + ion Denotation: from L articulāre ‘to divide into distinct parts’ asphyxiation Denotation: from Gr. asphyxía ‘a stopping of the pulse’ from a- + sphyx(is) ‘pulse’ aspiration → aspirate + ion Base: <spire> Related words: inspire, respire, spiracle, spirit Denotation: from L. spirare ‘breathe’ Ref: Kit 5, Theme A assassination Base: <assassin> Denotation: from Arabic hashshāshīn ‘one who eats hashish’ Ref: Kit 6, Theme K assimilation → assimilate + ion Base: <simile> Related words: similar, simile Denotation: from L. similis ‘ like’ |
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extrication → extricate + ion Base: < extricate> Denotation: from L. extrīcāre from trīcae, ‘hindrances, perplexities’. fabrication → fabricate + ion Base: <fabric> Denotation: from MF fabrique from L fabrica ‘craft, esp. metalworking or building, workshop’ Ref: Kit 6, Them E facilitation → facilitate + ion Denotation: ‘to make easy’ from L. facilitās from facilis ‘easy’ fascination → fascinate + ion Denotation: from L. fascināre, from fascinum ‘a bewitching’ federation → federate + ion Base: <feder> Related words: federal Etymology: L. foederāre ‘to ratify an agreement’, from foedus ‘league, treaty.’ (Farheen) felicitations → felicitate + ion Base: <felice> Related words: felicity, felicific Etymology: M.E. felicite, from O.F. felicite, from L. fēlīcitās, from fēlīx ‘fortunate, happy’ (Farheen) filtration → filtrate + ion Base: < filter> Denotation: from Medieval L. filtrāre ‘to filter’ from filtrum ‘piece of felt used as a filter’ fixation → fixate + ion Base: <fix > Denotation: from Medieval L. fixāre, from L. fixus ‘fixed’ fom L figere Ref: Kit 6, Theme B flagellation → flagellate + ion Denotation: from L from L. flagellum ‘a little whip’ from flagnum ‘a whip, lash’ flocculation → flocculate + ion Denotation: from LL. flocculus ‘a little tuft’ from L. floccus ‘tuft of hair or wool’ fluctuation → fluctuate + ion Denotation: from L fluctuāre, from fluctus ‘a wave’ from fluere ‘to flow’ fluoridation → fluoridate + ion Structure and Denotation: <fluoridate> is a back formation from fluoride + (ate + ion) which comes from the base <fluor> + <-ide> from L. fluor ‘a flowing’; so called from its use as a flux fornication → fornicate + ion Denotation: from LL. fornicātus from fornicārī from L fornix ‘arch, vault, basement, brothel’ frustration → frustrate + ion Denotation: from L. frustrāre ‘to cheat’, from frustrā ‘in error’ fulmination → fulminate/ + ion Base: <fulmin> Related words: fulminant, fulminic, fulminous Denotation: from M.E. fulminaten, from L. fulmināre ‘to strike with lightning’, from fulmen, ‘lightning that strikes’ (Farheen) fumigation → fumigate + ion Denotation: from L, fūmigāre ‘to smoke, steam’ from fumus ‘smoke’ + agere ‘ to drive, produce’ generation → generate + ion generalization (generalisation), degeneration, regeneration Denotation: from L. generāre ‘to beget’, from genus ‘kind’ germination Base: <germ> Related words: german, germicide, germinal, germinative Denotation: from L. germinre ‘to sprout’, from germen ‘seed, sprig, bud, sprout’ (Andrés) gestation → gestate + ion, gesticulation Denotation: back formation from <gestation>:from L. gestātiō ‘a bearing’ from gestāre ‘to bear’ frequentative of gerere ‘to carry’ glaciation → glaciate + ion Denotation: from F. glacé ‘iced’ from LL.glacia from glaciēs ‘ice’ gradation → gradate + ion degradation → Base: grade Etymology: 1) L. gradātiō from gradus, ‘step’. gyration → gyrate + ion Base: < gyre> Denotation: from L. gyrus ‘a circle’ from Gr. guros hallucination → hallucinate + ion Denotation: from L. ālūcinārī ‘to wander in mind’ hesitation → hesitate + ion Denotation: from L. haesitāre, from haerēre ‘to cling to’
hibernation → hibernate + ion Denotation: from L. hībernāre ‘to spend the winter’, from hībernus ‘of winter’, from hiems ‘winter’ humiliation → humiliate + ion Base: <humili> Related words: humility, Etymology: L.L. humiliāre ‘to humble’ from humilis ‘humble’ hydration → hydrate + ion Base: <hydr> Related words: hydrology, hydrofoil, rehydrate Denotation: from Gr. hudōr ‘water’ Ref: Kit 4, Theme H; Kit 5, Theme L; Kit 6, Theme H hyphenation → hyphenate + ion Free base: <hyphen> Denotation: ‘the combining of two words’ from Gr. huphen ‘together’ Ref: Kit 3, Theme H ignition → ignite + ion Bound base : <ign> Related words : igneous Etymology: L.L. ignīre from L ignis, ‘fire’ (Allegra) Ref: Anthology Vol 2, pg 116 illumination → illuminate + ion Denotation: from L. illūmināre ‘to light up’ from lūmen ‘light’ illustration → illustrate + ion Base: <lustre> Denotation: from L. illustrāre ‘to make light, explain’ from lustrāre ‘to purify, brighten’ Ref: Kit 6, Themes F & H imitation → imitate + ion Base: <imite> Denotation: from L. imitatus, imitari ‘to copy’ immolation → immolate +ion Denotation: from L. immolāre ‘to sacrifice, sprinkle with sacrificial meal’ from mola, ‘meal, millstone’ inauguration → inaugurate + ion Base: <aug> Denotation: from L. inaugurāre, lit. ‘to take omens, practise augury’, hence ‘to install in office after taking auguries’ from L. augur ‘a diviner’ from augēre ‘to increase’ Ref: Kit 6, Theme A incarceration Denotation: from Medieval L. incarcerāre, from L. in- + carcer ‘prison’ incineration → incinerate + ion Denotation: from Medieval L. incinerāre from L. in- + cinis ‘ashes’ incubation → incubate + ion Denotation: from L. incubāre ‘to lie upon, hatch’ from in- + cubāre ‘to lie down’ inculcation → inculcate + ion Denotation: from L. inculcāre ‘to tread upon, ram down’ from in- + calcāre ‘to trample’ from calx ‘heel’ indication → indicate + ion Denotation: from L. indicāre ‘to show’, from index, ‘forefinger, indicator’. indoctrination |
